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Owen Glendower (novel)
''Owen Glendower: An Historical Novel'' by John Cowper Powys was first published in America in January 1941, and in the UK in February 1942.〔Issued 24 January 1941 in the USA and 6 February 1942 in the UK (not published in 1940 and 1941 as shown in the texts). Dante Thomas, ''A Bibliography of the Principal Writings of John Cowper Powys'', unpublished Ph.D thesis (State University of New York at Albany, 1971), pp.54-6.〕 Powys returned to Britain from the USA in 1934, with his lover Phyllis Playter, living first in Dorchester, where he began ''Maiden Castle''. However, in July, 1935 they moved to the village of Corwen, Denbighshire, North Wales, historically part of Edeirnion or Edeyrnion, an ancient commote of medieval Wales that was once part of the Kingdom of Powys, where he completed ''Maiden Castle'' (1936).〔Morine Krissdóttir, ''A Descents of Memory''. New York: Overlook Duckworth, 2007, p.323.〕 This move to the land of his ancestors led Powys to write this, the first of two historical novels set in this region of Wales; the other was ''Porius'' (1951). ''Owen'', Powys's ninth novel, reflects "his increasing sense of what he thought of as his bardic heritage."〔Richard Percival Graves, ''The Brothers Powys''. (Oxford: Oxford University Press,1984), pp.251,267;(Margaret Drabble, "The English degenerate", ''The Guardian'', 12 August 2006. Retrieved 8 August 2012 )〕
==The writing and publishing of the novel==
It is not surprising that John Cowper Powys should, after he moved to Corwen, decide to begin a novel about Owen Glendower, because it was in Corwen that Owen's rebellion against Henry IV began on 16 September 1400.〔R. Rees Davies, ''The Revolt of Owain Glyn Dŵr'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 1995. ISBN 0-19-285336-8〕 This was when he formally assumed the ancestral title of Prince of Powys at his manor house of Glyndyfrdwy, then in the parish of Corwen.〔() Glyndyfrdwy.〕 But Powys first had to complete ''Maiden Castle'' (1936), which he did in February 1936.〔Morine Krissdóttir ''Descents of Memory: The Life of John Cowper Powys'' (New York: Overlook Duckworth, 2007), p.325.〕 He then worked on his anti-vivisection book, ''Morwyn'' (1937), which was finished in January 1937.〔Krissdóttir, ''Descents of Memory'', p.330.〕 However, already in September 1935 Phyllis Playter has suggested that he should write an historical novel about Owen Glendower.〔Krissdóttir, p.325.〕 On 24 April 1937, in the Chapter House, Abbey of Valle Crucis, Powys began, "my Romance about Owen Glendower ".〔''Petrushka and the Dancer: The Diaries of John Cowper Powys'' 1929-1939, ed. Morine Krissdóttir (Manchester: Carcanet, 1995), p.238.〕 Then on 25 June 1937 he visited Meifod, near Welshpool, noted as the royal burial ground of many of the kings and princes of the Welsh kingdom of Powys,〔() Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust, Historic Settlement Survey - Montgomeryshire: Meifod.〕 and nearby Mathrafal, the seat of the Kings and Princes of Powys probably from the 9th century until its destruction in 1212 by Llywelyn ap Iorwerth of Gwynedd.〔() Mathrafal Castle〕 He also visited Sycharth where Glendower had maintained a residence.〔(W. J. Keith, ''Owen Glendower: a Reader's Companion'', July 2007, p.40 )〕 These places would have an important role in ''Owen''.〔Krissdóttir, p.330.〕 During the next two years he thoroughly researched Owen Glendower, reading works such as J. E. Lloyd's ''Owen Glendower: Owain Glyn Dwr'' (1931) and J. H. Wylie's four volume, ''History of England under Henry the Fourth'' (1884–98), amongst others.〔W. J. Keith, ''Aspects of John Cowper Powys's Owen Glendower''. London: The Powys Society, 2008, pp.15-16.〕 Powys finished ''Owen'' on 24 December 1939, on the hill fort of Mynydd y Gaer, above Corwen, which, according to legend, was one of the places associated with Owen Glendower's last days.〔Mynydd y Gaer is the local name used by Powys for Caer Drewyn (). Krissdóttir, ''Descents of Memory'', p.340, and ''Petrushka and the Dancer'', p.333.〕 ''Owen Glendower'' was first published by his American publisher Simon and Schuster in a two volume edition, in 1941, however, Powys had considerable difficulty getting the British edition published. Finally, after it was turned down by eight publishers, the Bodley Head agreed to publish it, though Powys only received ₤20 for this edition, which appeared in 1942. These difficulties were possibly related to the book's length and a war time paper shortage.〔Krissdóttir, ''Descents of Memory'', p.347.〕
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